Introduction

• Recording
• PowerPoint presentation. In Czech only.
• PowerPoint presentation from year 2021 (corresponds to the recording). In Czech only.
• Hand written notes.
• Details of nuclear fusion, including a more detailed derivation of the Gamov peak.

• Internal structure: three layers -- the core, the radiative zone, and the convective zone.
• Gamov peak -- there is an energy value, for which the thermonuclear fusion efficienty is at "resonance". This peak is quite narrow, hence the p-p chain runs slowly.
• There was a neutrino problem, when the internal temperature of 15.7 MK predicted three times more neutrinos than it was registered by Davids in his mine experiment. The issue was attempted to be solved by non-standard solar models. The ad-hoc terms in the structure equations should decrease the central temperature to roughly 13 MK to reach the agreement with the neutrino oscillations. The issue was resolved by the confirmation of neutrino oscillations (Nobel prize). No principal model changes (still some minor issues remain) are necessary since then.
• The evolution is computed as a set of consecutive stationary models. The binding via changes in the chemical composition efficiently replaces the time derivatives.
• The verification/testing of the models is done against the observations. Against the solar twins, against other stars at different evolutionary stages, the eigenfrequencies of oscillations may be confronted with seismology.
• Chemical composition might still be an issue to some extent.